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Mark J. Reed wrote:
> On 11/19/05, *Henrik Theiling* <[log in to unmask]
> <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>
> Hi!
>
> R A Brown <[log in to unmask]
> <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> writes:
> >... In the strict sense, English does not have a middle _voice_,
> >i.e. a grammatically category distinguished morphologically from
> >active and passive. ...
>
> I'd say that modern English does have some kind of systematic middle.
> More than than, say, German. You have a lot of transitive verbs that
> work well intransitively for the object* of the transitive verb used
> as the *subject* of the transitive one. This is quite close to a
> distinct syntactic category, and it is often kind of a middle voice:
>
> Yes, but I believe Ray's point was that it is not syntactically
> distinguished. The "middle voice" verbs you cite are indistinguishable
> in form from their active counterparts.
Absolutely - spot on!
In "The cup fills [with
> water]", the verb "fills" is syntactically and morphologically in the
> active voice, regardless of how you choose to distinguish its semantic role.
Yes, grammatically (syntactically & morphologically) English has only
two voices: active & passive.
IMO it is unhelpful and confusing to use the term 'voice' as a semantic
category; especially when there exists the perfectly good term
_diathesis_. I quote Trask's definition:
"The relation between the semantic roles (deep cases, theta roles)
subcategorized for by a lexical verb or predicate and the surface
expression of those roles as grammatical relations."
What Henrik is writing about is diathesis, and I have not said that
there is no 'middle' diathesis in English. Indeed, I believe that some
analyses of English postulate more than just three diatheses.
However, I understood Aidan's mail to be about _grammatical_ voice and
replied accordingly. Indeed, Aidan's reply of 19th Nov surely confirms this.
--
Ray
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