Hallo!

Today I shall share with you a brief essay on Albic historical
morphology.  Enjoy!

Development of pronouns from Indo-Uralic to Albic
=================================================
Jörg Rhiemeier, 2011-04-03

The oldest pronouns reconstructible for Indo-Uralic are *mi (1st
person), *ti (2nd person) and *sa (3rd person).  The number markers
are *-k (dual) and *-t (plural).  The objective case is marked by
the suffix *-m& (the symbol & represents a vowel of uncertain
quality).  An oblique base, to which various postpositions attached,
was formed by adding a vowel.  Thus, we get the following paradigm:

              1st        2nd       3rd
 
Agentive  sg. *mi        *ti       *sa
          du. *mik       *tik      *sak
          pl. *mit       *tit      *sat

Objective sg. *mim&      *tim&     *sam&
          du. *mikm&     *tikm&    *sakm&
          pl. *mitm&     *titm&    *satm&

Oblique   sg. *mi&-      *ti&-     *sa&-
          du. *mik&-     *tik&-    *sak&-
          pl. *mit&-     *tit&-    *sat&-

An emphatic/reflexive paradigm was formed by suffixing *-w- to the
pronoun root:

              1st        2nd       3rd
 
Agentive  sg. *miw       *tiw      *saw
          du. *miwk      *tiwk     *sawk
          pl. *miwt      *tiwt     *sawt

Objective sg. *miwm&     *tiwm&    *sawm&
          du. *miwkm&    *tiwkm&   *sawkm&
          pl. *miwtm&    *tiwtm&   *sawtm&

Oblique   sg. *miw&-     *tiw&-    *saw&-
          du. *miwk&-    *tiwk&-   *sawk&-
          pl. *miwt&-    *tiwt&-   *sawt&-

In the Europic branch, two vowel changes affected these forms.
The first was "Resonant-Conditioned Lowering" (RCL): all high
vowels were lowered before nasals, liquids, semivowels and
vowels in hiatus.  This was followed by the "Great Vowel
Collapse" (GVC), which involved the merger of all non-high
vowels (including the products of RCL) in one vowel phoneme,
*/a/.  Also, a consonant change (weakening of stops in post-
tonal syllables) affected the forms.  The resulting paradigm:

Non-reflexive
              1st        2nd        3rd

Agentive  sg. *mi        *ti        *sa
          du. *mix       *tix       *sax
          pl. *mis       *tis       *sas

Objective sg. *mama      *tama      *sama
          du. *mixma     *tixma     *saxma
          pl. *misma     *tisma     *sasma

Oblique   sg. *ma-       *ta-       *sa-
          du. *mixa-     *tixa-     *saxa-
          pl. *misa-     *tisa-     *sasa-

Reflexive
              1st        2nd        3rd

Agentive  sg. *maw       *taw       *saw
          du. *mawx      *tawx      *sawx
          pl. *maws      *taws      *saws

Objective sg. *mawma     *tawma     *sawma
          du. *mawxma    *tawxma    *sawxma
          pl. *mawsma    *tawsma    *sawsma

Oblique   sg. *mawa-     *tawa-     *sawa-
          du. *mawxa-    *tawxa-    *sawxa-
          pl. *mawsa-    *tawsa-    *sausa-

As the verb was inflected for person and number of both agent and
patient, the non-reflexive agentive and objective pronouns were
little used, and in the Indo-European branch completely lost.
The PIE pronouns developed from the reflexive forms by a number
of sound changes, as proposed by Jens Elmegaard Rasmussen 1987
(_The Consituent Elements of the Indo-European Personal Pronouns_).

The Proto-Hesperic pronouns are similar to those of Proto-Europic.
In West Hesperic, the syllable rimes *-Vx and *-Vs become *-u and
*-i, repsectively, giving the paradigms:

Non-reflexive
              1st        2nd        3rd

Agentive  sg. *mi        *thi       *sa
          du. *mu        *thu       *su
          pl. *mi        *thi       *si

Objective sg. *mama      *thama     *sama
          du. *muma      *thuma     *suma
          pl. *mima      *thima     *sima 

Genitive  sg. *masa      *thasa     *sasa
          du. *muasa     *thuasa    *suasa
          pl. *miasa     *thiasa    *siasa
etc.

Reflexive
 
Agentive  sg. *mawa      *thawa     *sawa
          du. *mawu      *thawu     *sawu
          pl. *mawi      *thawi     *sawi

Objective sg. *mawama    *thawama   *sawma
          du. *mawuma    *thawuma   *sawuma
          pl. *mawima    *thawima   *sawima

Genitive  sg. *mawasa    *thawasa   *sawasa
          du. *mawuasa   *thawuasa  *sawuasa
          pl. *mawiasa   *thawiasa  *sawiasa
etc.

The ambiguous non-reflexive agentive singular forms *mi and *thi
which were identical to the plural forms were analogically
restored to *ma and *tha after the model of the other case forms.

From there, it is not a long way to the Old Albic forms:

Non-reflexive
              1st        2nd        3rd

Agentive  sg. ma         tha        sa
          du. mu         thu        su
          pl. mi         thi        si

Objective sg. mam        tham       sam
          du. mum        thum       sum
          pl. mim        thim       sim

Genitive  sg. mas        thas       sas
          du. mus        thus       sus
          pl. mis        this       sis
etc.

Reflexive
              1st        2nd        3rd

Agentive  sg. móa        thóa       sóa
          du. móu        thóu       sóu
          pl. mǿi        thǿi       sǿi

Objective sg. móam       thóam      sóam
          du. móum       thóum      sóum
          pl. mǿim       thǿim      sǿim

Genitive  sg. móas       thóas      sóas
          du. móus       thóus      sóus
          pl. mǿis       thǿis      sǿis
etc.

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