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Carlos: > Modularity, with different language/dialects of different degree of >complexity. This is a similar concept to Antony Alexander's LangX hierarchy of languages: http://www.alexander.iofm.net/ > Pidgin/Creole based grammar in the _basic_ (most general) language. >endings of the roots from the basic language are: > -o: for nouns > -a: for nouns > -e: for verbs in indicative > -ar: for verbs in infinitive > -i: for adjectives. These two statements are strictly contradictory, if they apply to the same language. Creoles do not have different forms of the verb, one for indicative, one for infinitive etc. They have a single form for each verb, plus a set of preverbal particles for Tense-Mood-Aspect. > Si Carlos dabe ni libo a si Lucía - Carlos gives Lucía a Book. Can you clarify what 'si' is here? >on: continuous aspect adverb - shows that the accion is currently >happening. > Si Carlos on compe ni libo - Carlos is buying a book. This is more in line with creole grammar. 'on' would be called the marker of [-punctual] aspect. In creoles this tends to be derived from the copula in the lexifier, so it is 'ta, sta, te' or something similar. >ta: accusative preposition - marks that the following nominal group is >the direct object. > Ta li domo si Carlos pire - The house, Carlos burns. In creoles this is handled by focusing, using the copula to front the focused constituent. So in Papiamentu: Ta mi brel bo por wak Be 1sg glasses 2sg can see It is my glasses you can see This construction emphasizes the object. Kordiale, James Chandler [log in to unmask] http://www.geocities.com/idojc - IALs index http://www.geocities.com/idojc/yindex.html - Ido index "The postulation of quarks gives a structure to the proliferation of subatomic particles, but physicists demand a different sort of evidence in order to establish the physical reality of quarks." - Gilbert Harman, Two quibbles about analyticity and psychological reality, Behavorial and Brain Sciences 3 _________________________________________________________________ Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com