LISTSERV mailing list manager LISTSERV 16.5

Help for CONLANG Archives


CONLANG Archives

CONLANG Archives


CONLANG@LISTSERV.BROWN.EDU


View:

Message:

[

First

|

Previous

|

Next

|

Last

]

By Topic:

[

First

|

Previous

|

Next

|

Last

]

By Author:

[

First

|

Previous

|

Next

|

Last

]

Font:

Proportional Font

LISTSERV Archives

LISTSERV Archives

CONLANG Home

CONLANG Home

CONLANG  June 2015, Week 1

CONLANG June 2015, Week 1

Subject:

Re: Naturalistic Grammars

From:

Jörg Rhiemeier <[log in to unmask]>

Reply-To:

Constructed Languages List <[log in to unmask]>

Date:

Mon, 1 Jun 2015 21:44:37 +0200

Content-Type:

text/plain

Parts/Attachments:

Parts/Attachments

text/plain (248 lines)

Hallo conlangers!

On 01.06.2015 20:28, Jeffrey Brown wrote:

> Recently, on the Conlang forum, there was a thread that mentioned, in the
> midst of a different discussion, the question of whether or not the grammar
> of a conlang was naturalistic. This is a question I have pondered for some
> time, as I am much more fascinated with the syntax and morphology of a
> language, than with its phonology or its conculture.
>
> When conlangers speak of naturalistic conlangs, it seems to me that they
> speak primarily of the way the language sounds, and of whether the
> phonology has the “feel” of having developed naturally over a period of
> time, because of the judicious application by its creator of fictional
> diachronic sound changes.
>
> I think that conlangs grammars can also have a naturalistic “feel” as
> opposed to an artificial one. I cannot define what makes this so, other
> than it is a personal, subjective, aesthetic sense of the language’s
> structure, which I can perceive if I attempt to use the language for speech
> or translation. So, what follows is purely my own personal opinions of the
> naturalism of the grammars of various conlangs.
>
> I. Relexes
>
> Although everyone disparages relexes, one thing about them is that their
> grammars are naturalistic. After all, it is just a relexification of a
> natlang, and a natlang, by definition, has a natural grammar.

Depends on *how* you relex it.  A badly-done relex can create unnatural 
patterns from natural ones.  The source language may have an alternation 
between two allomorphs that seem arbitrary but actually have a common 
source (example: the Ancient Greek accusative singular ending, which is 
-n after vowels and -a after consonants); the relex may turn this into 
something that is just plain arbitrary and unnatural.  But overall, 
relexes of natlangs are likely to be quite naturalistic, at least at 
first glance, and definitely more so than ...

> II. Mathematical Grammars and Engelangs
>
> Any grammar based on predicate logic, or computer science, or any branch of
> mathematics, does not have a naturalistic feel. Examples are Fith, Loglan,
> Lojban, and Ithkuil (sorry JQ). This does not mean that these conlangs are
> inconsequential or unworthy in any way, merely that when I try to say
> something in that language, it doesn’t feel like I’m speaking a language,
> it’s rather like I’m trying to solve an algebra problem in my head. I am
> aware that are a some people who can speak Lojban more or less fluidly, but
> there are also some people who can quickly solve algebra problems in their
> heads and that doesn’t make algebra a language.
>
> I suspect that my perception is based on the fact (or supposition) that the
> parts of the brain that handle language are different than the parts that
> handle mathematics.
>
> You will note that these are all engelangs. In fact, I cannot think of a
> single engelang that has a naturalistic grammar. But that’s not the point
> of an engelang, anyway, is it?

Yep!  Not to disparage engelangs, but they are usually far removed from 
natlangs.  I have never seriously tried to use any, so I cannot confirm 
nor deny what you say about what it feels using them.  But I can imagine 
that using an engelang feels more like doing math or computer 
programming than like conversing in a natural language. (At least, as a 
former computer scientist, I have done quite a lot of programming, which 
involves using programming languages, of course, and it *never* felt 
like talking to the machine as if it was a human being.  It rather felt 
like building something from LEGO, or conducting a chemical 
experiment.)  It is at any rate true that mathematics and language are 
different skills using different circuits in the brain.

> III. Auxlangs
>
> The most common auxlangs are based on European languages. Their grammars
> are really a regularization and simplification of a Romance grammar, or at
> least of an IE grammar. I find these extremely easy. I can read texts in
> auxlangs I have never studied. And I find their grammars to have a very
> naturalistic feel.

At least, the mainstream IALs, such as Esperanto or Novial, feel much 
more naturalistic than engelangs.  They are more regular than most 
natlangs (though there are some highly regular natlangs around), but yet 
they work basically the same way as the natlangs they are based on.  
Nevertheless, these languages feel more like simplified models of "real" 
languages than like "real" languages.

> Now, one could retort, that because English is my native language, or
> because I speak several European languages, Esperanto and the like feel
> naturalistic to me because their grammars are similar to English or
> Spanish.

Fair.

(It may be noted that the term "naturalistic" as used by auxlangers is 
to be distinguished from the homonymous term used by artlangers which 
this discussion is about.  Basically, "naturalistic" means that not just 
roots and affixes are borrowed from natlangs as in Esperanto, but whole 
words.  But that does not really matter here.)

> But, I have also learned Arabic and Hawaiian, and the grammars of
> those languages are decidedly not IE in structure, yet their grammars feel
> natural to me. I have also studied Japanese, Chinese, and Blackfoot (though
> I don’t claim more than a smattering of knowledge of them), and the
> grammars of those languages, too, feel natural.

They do!

> There is something about natural language grammars, their combination of
> features or their structure, which, in my opinion, “kicks” the processing
> of the language into Broca’s or Wernicke’s area (or wherever), rather than
> the part of the brain that handles general symbolic manipulation.

Seems like that.  Yet, it is hard to put the finger on it.

> IV. Minimalist Languages
>
> I love Toki Pona. Thank you, SL! But it doesn’t have a naturalistic
> grammar. It’s a toy grammar.

Yes.  Toki Pona doesn't feel naturalistic.  It lacks the richness of 
natlangs.

> V. Exolangs, Written-only langs, or any Non-sequential lang
>
> Human language is oral/aural and is produced by a single channel (one
> larynx, one channel). Any conlang that doesn’t conform to those
> restrictions ends up with a non-naturalistic grammar, in my opinion. But,
> maybe that’s part of the point of an exolang, to come up with an “inhuman”
> grammar, isn’t it?

Agreed.  Yet, there are conlangers who use "They are not human!!!" as an 
excuse for a poorly-designed conlang.  That's just lame.  A certain 
language from a certain science fiction media franchise comes to mind 
here (hint: shotgun phonology).

> VI. Really great conlangers
>
> Okay, this is totally subjective, but just as there are great artists among
> composers and novelists, there are great artists among conlangers. Through
> a combination of innate talent, linguistic-aesthetic sensitivity, and a
> perseverance of effort, they have developed beautiful conlangs whose
> phonology and grammar are both admirably naturalistic. I can think of only
> two people in this category. One is Tolkien; the other is living and has
> gone pro. But even if you’re not Mozart it doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy or
> create music.

I think I can guess whom you mean by "the other is living and has gone 
pro".  But I think there are more than just those two in this category!  
I have seen many *very good* and beautiful naturalistic conlangs from a 
number of authors.  I can't think of any who clearly surpasses Tolkien; 
but there are a few who are at least on a par with him.

> VII. How to create a naturalistic grammar for your conlang
>
> Let’s suppose you want to have a naturalistic grammar for your new conlang.
> How could you go about it? Here’s a recipe that I’m pretty sure will work
> (though there’s surely other ways to bake this cake):
>
> 1. Study the grammars of natural languages and choose grammatical features
> that you especially like. Make a list.

I can confirm that.  Designing a naturalistic language requires a good 
idea of what goes in natural languages and what doesn't.  You should 
study grammars of at least a dozen natural languages from all parts of 
the world.

> 2. Eliminate inconsistencies. If you like the head-final and SOV of
> Japanese, but also the case affixes and free-form word order of Latin,
> you’ve got to choose one.

There is some truth in that, but it must be qualified.  Sure, not all 
combinations of typological traits are equally likely.  If in doubt, ask 
WALS (http://wals.info/).  For instance, there don't seem to be many 
languages that are neither accusative nor SOV.  But "rare" is not 
"impossible", and there are so many perfectly workable feature 
combinations that they cannot all be manifested in the few thousand 
languages that are spoken on Earth.  So why not implement a combination 
of features that is rare?  It may result in something unique!  (My main 
conlang Old Albic is indeed neither accusative nor SOV, by the way.)

> 3. Cross off 40% of the remaining features. Almost for sure, you have too
> many features on your list. We wouldn’t be conlangers if we didn’t like
> interesting language features. Take out 2/5 of your features (or at least
> 1/3). You can incorporate them in another conlang.

Sure - you need to choose a few of the features you have seen, otherwise 
you get a kitchen sink conlang.  Keep the features you can't use in this 
conlang for the next projects.

> 4. Now, build and describe your core grammar.
>
> 5. Sprinkle with a few irregularities for that diachronic zest. Everyone
> savors a few suppletions and portmanteaus. Don’t over-spice.

The best way of coming up with naturalistic irregularities is the 
diachronic method - create a language and age it by applying sound 
changes and grammatical and semantic changes of the kind that is found 
in natlangs.  Of course, you need a point to start, so if you don't want 
to add another branch to an existing family, you have to sew your 
ancestor language from whole cloth.

> 6. Use your conlang. Speak in it. Write in it. If it doesn’t feel right,
> then reflect on what went wrong and try again.

Another good recommendation.  Use the language, add what is missing (you 
will *always* find things that your grammar doesn't cover adequately) 
and change what doesn't feel right.

> And so, what I am saying here is that if you incorporate a grammatical
> feature that isn’t present in any natlang, then you probably have
> destroyed, or compromised, the naturalism of the grammar of your conlang.

There are two problems with this.  First, you can never know that the 
feature isn't present in any natlang.  Of the 6000+ languages spoken on 
this planet, most aren't adequately documented yet.  There may be a 
language in Brazil or New Guinea or wherever that has the feature you 
are thinking about.  Second, you can creatively extrapolate from things 
that are present in natlangs.  I haven't seen a natlang yet with a 
degree-of-volition marking system of the kind I have in Old Albic; I 
cannot think of any where vowels are autosegmental.  Yet, I think that 
both features of Old Albic are naturalistic, because they are just 
extrapolations from what I have found in natlangs.  The degrees of 
volition came to my mind when I was exploring morphosyntactic alignments 
and hit upon fluid-S languages; the autosegmental behaviour of vowels is 
modelled on the autosegmental behaviour of tones in some languages of 
Africa.

> If your objective is to engineer a really unusual grammar with heretofore
> unseen features, that’s fine, but if you wish to produce a naturalistic
> grammar, then it’s more prudent to stick with the tried-and-true features
> of natlang grammars. This belief is based on my intuition (admittedly
> unfounded) that the corpus of the world’s natural languages contain among
> themselves virtually every possible natural grammatical feature of human
> language.

I think the latter sentence is not true, at least not literally true.  
WALS lists more than 100 features, each with at least two values.  That 
are more than 2^100 logically possible feature combinations.  Even if 
one removes those that are inconsistent or at odds with well-established 
typological rules, one is left with many millions of possible feature 
combinations - and there are only about 6,000 languages.  There must be 
many perfectly plausible feature combinations which are not realized in 
any natural language.

--
... brought to you by the Weeping Elf
http://www.joerg-rhiemeier.de/Conlang/index.html
"Bêsel asa Éam, a Éam atha cvanthal a cvanth atha Éamal." - SiM 1:1

Top of Message | Previous Page | Permalink

Advanced Options


Options

Log In

Log In

Get Password

Get Password


Search Archives

Search Archives


Subscribe or Unsubscribe

Subscribe or Unsubscribe


Archives

March 2024, Week 4
March 2024, Week 3
March 2024, Week 2
March 2024, Week 1
February 2024, Week 5
February 2024, Week 4
February 2024, Week 3
February 2024, Week 2
February 2024, Week 1
January 2024, Week 5
January 2024, Week 4
January 2024, Week 3
January 2024, Week 2
January 2024, Week 1
December 2023, Week 5
December 2023, Week 4
December 2023, Week 3
December 2023, Week 2
December 2023, Week 1
November 2023, Week 5
November 2023, Week 4
November 2023, Week 3
November 2023, Week 2
November 2023, Week 1
October 2023, Week 5
October 2023, Week 4
October 2023, Week 3
October 2023, Week 2
October 2023, Week 1
September 2023, Week 5
September 2023, Week 4
September 2023, Week 3
September 2023, Week 2
September 2023, Week 1
August 2023, Week 5
August 2023, Week 4
August 2023, Week 3
August 2023, Week 2
August 2023, Week 1
July 2023, Week 5
July 2023, Week 4
July 2023, Week 3
July 2023, Week 2
July 2023, Week 1
June 2023, Week 5
June 2023, Week 4
June 2023, Week 3
June 2023, Week 2
June 2023, Week 1
May 2023, Week 5
May 2023, Week 4
May 2023, Week 3
May 2023, Week 2
May 2023, Week 1
April 2023, Week 5
April 2023, Week 4
April 2023, Week 3
April 2023, Week 2
April 2023, Week 1
March 2023, Week 5
March 2023, Week 4
March 2023, Week 3
March 2023, Week 2
March 2023, Week 1
February 2023, Week 4
February 2023, Week 3
February 2023, Week 2
February 2023, Week 1
January 2023, Week 5
January 2023, Week 4
January 2023, Week 3
January 2023, Week 2
January 2023, Week 1
December 2022, Week 5
December 2022, Week 4
December 2022, Week 3
December 2022, Week 2
December 2022, Week 1
November 2022, Week 5
November 2022, Week 4
November 2022, Week 3
November 2022, Week 2
November 2022, Week 1
October 2022, Week 5
October 2022, Week 4
October 2022, Week 3
October 2022, Week 2
October 2022, Week 1
September 2022, Week 4
September 2022, Week 3
September 2022, Week 2
September 2022, Week 1
August 2022, Week 5
August 2022, Week 4
August 2022, Week 3
August 2022, Week 2
August 2022, Week 1
July 2022, Week 5
July 2022, Week 4
July 2022, Week 3
July 2022, Week 2
July 2022, Week 1
June 2022, Week 5
June 2022, Week 4
June 2022, Week 3
June 2022, Week 2
June 2022, Week 1
May 2022, Week 5
May 2022, Week 4
May 2022, Week 3
May 2022, Week 2
May 2022, Week 1
April 2022, Week 5
April 2022, Week 4
April 2022, Week 3
April 2022, Week 2
April 2022, Week 1
March 2022, Week 5
March 2022, Week 4
March 2022, Week 3
March 2022, Week 2
March 2022, Week 1
February 2022, Week 4
February 2022, Week 3
February 2022, Week 2
February 2022, Week 1
January 2022, Week 5
January 2022, Week 4
January 2022, Week 3
January 2022, Week 2
January 2022, Week 1
December 2021, Week 5
December 2021, Week 4
December 2021, Week 3
December 2021, Week 2
December 2021, Week 1
November 2021, Week 5
November 2021, Week 4
November 2021, Week 3
November 2021, Week 2
November 2021, Week 1
October 2021, Week 5
October 2021, Week 4
October 2021, Week 3
October 2021, Week 2
October 2021, Week 1
September 2021, Week 5
September 2021, Week 4
September 2021, Week 3
September 2021, Week 2
September 2021, Week 1
August 2021, Week 4
August 2021, Week 3
August 2021, Week 2
August 2021, Week 1
July 2021, Week 5
July 2021, Week 4
July 2021, Week 3
July 2021, Week 2
July 2021, Week 1
June 2021, Week 5
June 2021, Week 4
June 2021, Week 3
June 2021, Week 2
June 2021, Week 1
May 2021, Week 5
May 2021, Week 4
May 2021, Week 3
May 2021, Week 2
May 2021, Week 1
April 2021, Week 5
April 2021, Week 4
April 2021, Week 3
April 2021, Week 2
April 2021, Week 1
March 2021, Week 5
March 2021, Week 4
March 2021, Week 3
March 2021, Week 2
March 2021, Week 1
February 2021, Week 4
February 2021, Week 3
February 2021, Week 2
February 2021, Week 1
January 2021, Week 5
January 2021, Week 4
January 2021, Week 3
January 2021, Week 2
January 2021, Week 1
December 2020, Week 5
December 2020, Week 4
December 2020, Week 3
December 2020, Week 2
December 2020, Week 1
November 2020, Week 5
November 2020, Week 4
November 2020, Week 3
November 2020, Week 2
November 2020, Week 1
October 2020, Week 5
October 2020, Week 4
October 2020, Week 3
October 2020, Week 2
October 2020, Week 1
September 2020, Week 5
September 2020, Week 4
September 2020, Week 3
September 2020, Week 2
September 2020, Week 1
August 2020, Week 5
August 2020, Week 4
August 2020, Week 3
August 2020, Week 2
August 2020, Week 1
July 2020, Week 5
July 2020, Week 4
July 2020, Week 3
July 2020, Week 2
July 2020, Week 1
June 2020, Week 4
June 2020, Week 3
June 2020, Week 2
June 2020, Week 1
May 2020, Week 5
May 2020, Week 4
May 2020, Week 3
May 2020, Week 2
May 2020, Week 1
April 2020, Week 5
April 2020, Week 4
April 2020, Week 3
April 2020, Week 2
April 2020, Week 1
March 2020, Week 5
March 2020, Week 4
March 2020, Week 3
March 2020, Week 2
March 2020, Week 1
February 2020, Week 5
February 2020, Week 4
February 2020, Week 3
February 2020, Week 2
February 2020, Week 1
January 2020, Week 5
January 2020, Week 4
January 2020, Week 3
January 2020, Week 2
January 2020, Week 1
December 2019, Week 5
December 2019, Week 4
December 2019, Week 3
December 2019, Week 2
December 2019, Week 1
November 2019, Week 5
November 2019, Week 4
November 2019, Week 3
November 2019, Week 2
November 2019, Week 1
October 2019, Week 5
October 2019, Week 4
October 2019, Week 3
October 2019, Week 2
October 2019, Week 1
September 2019, Week 5
September 2019, Week 4
September 2019, Week 3
September 2019, Week 2
September 2019, Week 1
August 2019, Week 5
August 2019, Week 4
August 2019, Week 3
August 2019, Week 2
August 2019, Week 1
July 2019, Week 5
July 2019, Week 4
July 2019, Week 3
July 2019, Week 2
July 2019, Week 1
June 2019, Week 5
June 2019, Week 4
June 2019, Week 3
June 2019, Week 2
June 2019, Week 1
May 2019, Week 5
May 2019, Week 4
May 2019, Week 3
May 2019, Week 2
May 2019, Week 1
April 2019, Week 5
April 2019, Week 4
April 2019, Week 3
April 2019, Week 2
April 2019, Week 1
March 2019, Week 5
March 2019, Week 4
March 2019, Week 3
March 2019, Week 2
March 2019, Week 1
February 2019, Week 4
February 2019, Week 3
February 2019, Week 2
February 2019, Week 1
January 2019, Week 5
January 2019, Week 4
January 2019, Week 3
January 2019, Week 2
January 2019, Week 1
December 2018, Week 5
December 2018, Week 4
December 2018, Week 3
December 2018, Week 2
December 2018, Week 1
November 2018, Week 5
November 2018, Week 4
November 2018, Week 3
November 2018, Week 2
November 2018, Week 1
October 2018, Week 5
October 2018, Week 4
October 2018, Week 3
October 2018, Week 2
October 2018, Week 1
September 2018, Week 5
September 2018, Week 4
September 2018, Week 3
September 2018, Week 2
September 2018, Week 1
August 2018, Week 5
August 2018, Week 4
August 2018, Week 3
August 2018, Week 2
August 2018, Week 1
July 2018, Week 5
July 2018, Week 4
July 2018, Week 3
July 2018, Week 2
July 2018, Week 1
June 2018, Week 5
June 2018, Week 4
June 2018, Week 3
June 2018, Week 2
June 2018, Week 1
May 2018, Week 5
May 2018, Week 4
May 2018, Week 3
May 2018, Week 2
May 2018, Week 1
April 2018, Week 5
April 2018, Week 4
April 2018, Week 3
April 2018, Week 2
April 2018, Week 1
March 2018, Week 5
March 2018, Week 4
March 2018, Week 3
March 2018, Week 2
March 2018, Week 1
February 2018, Week 4
February 2018, Week 3
February 2018, Week 2
February 2018, Week 1
January 2018, Week 5
January 2018, Week 4
January 2018, Week 3
January 2018, Week 2
January 2018, Week 1
December 2017, Week 5
December 2017, Week 4
December 2017, Week 3
December 2017, Week 2
December 2017, Week 1
November 2017, Week 5
November 2017, Week 4
November 2017, Week 3
November 2017, Week 2
November 2017, Week 1
October 2017, Week 5
October 2017, Week 4
October 2017, Week 3
October 2017, Week 2
October 2017, Week 1
September 2017, Week 5
September 2017, Week 4
September 2017, Week 3
September 2017, Week 2
September 2017, Week 1
August 2017, Week 5
August 2017, Week 4
August 2017, Week 3
August 2017, Week 2
August 2017, Week 1
July 2017, Week 5
July 2017, Week 4
July 2017, Week 3
July 2017, Week 2
July 2017, Week 1
June 2017, Week 5
June 2017, Week 4
June 2017, Week 3
June 2017, Week 2
June 2017, Week 1
May 2017, Week 5
May 2017, Week 4
May 2017, Week 3
May 2017, Week 2
May 2017, Week 1
April 2017, Week 5
April 2017, Week 4
April 2017, Week 3
April 2017, Week 2
April 2017, Week 1
March 2017, Week 5
March 2017, Week 4
March 2017, Week 3
March 2017, Week 2
March 2017, Week 1
February 2017, Week 4
February 2017, Week 3
February 2017, Week 2
February 2017, Week 1
January 2017, Week 4
January 2017, Week 3
January 2017, Week 2
January 2017, Week 1
December 2016, Week 5
December 2016, Week 4
December 2016, Week 3
December 2016, Week 2
December 2016, Week 1
November 2016, Week 5
November 2016, Week 4
November 2016, Week 3
November 2016, Week 2
November 2016, Week 1
October 2016, Week 5
October 2016, Week 4
October 2016, Week 3
October 2016, Week 2
October 2016, Week 1
September 2016, Week 5
September 2016, Week 4
September 2016, Week 3
September 2016, Week 2
September 2016, Week 1
August 2016, Week 5
August 2016, Week 4
August 2016, Week 3
August 2016, Week 2
August 2016, Week 1
July 2016, Week 5
July 2016, Week 4
July 2016, Week 3
July 2016, Week 2
July 2016, Week 1
June 2016, Week 5
June 2016, Week 4
June 2016, Week 3
June 2016, Week 2
June 2016, Week 1
May 2016, Week 5
May 2016, Week 4
May 2016, Week 3
May 2016, Week 2
May 2016, Week 1
April 2016, Week 5
April 2016, Week 4
April 2016, Week 3
April 2016, Week 2
April 2016, Week 1
March 2016, Week 5
March 2016, Week 4
March 2016, Week 3
March 2016, Week 2
March 2016, Week 1
February 2016, Week 5
February 2016, Week 4
February 2016, Week 3
February 2016, Week 2
February 2016, Week 1
January 2016, Week 5
January 2016, Week 4
January 2016, Week 3
January 2016, Week 2
January 2016, Week 1
December 2015, Week 5
December 2015, Week 4
December 2015, Week 3
December 2015, Week 2
December 2015, Week 1
November 2015, Week 5
November 2015, Week 4
November 2015, Week 3
November 2015, Week 2
November 2015, Week 1
October 2015, Week 5
October 2015, Week 4
October 2015, Week 3
October 2015, Week 2
October 2015, Week 1
September 2015, Week 5
September 2015, Week 4
September 2015, Week 3
September 2015, Week 2
September 2015, Week 1
August 2015, Week 5
August 2015, Week 4
August 2015, Week 3
August 2015, Week 2
August 2015, Week 1
July 2015, Week 5
July 2015, Week 4
July 2015, Week 3
July 2015, Week 2
July 2015, Week 1
June 2015, Week 5
June 2015, Week 4
June 2015, Week 3
June 2015, Week 2
June 2015, Week 1
May 2015, Week 5
May 2015, Week 4
May 2015, Week 3
May 2015, Week 2
May 2015, Week 1
April 2015, Week 5
April 2015, Week 4
April 2015, Week 3
April 2015, Week 2
April 2015, Week 1
March 2015, Week 5
March 2015, Week 4
March 2015, Week 3
March 2015, Week 2
March 2015, Week 1
February 2015, Week 4
February 2015, Week 3
February 2015, Week 2
February 2015, Week 1
January 2015, Week 5
January 2015, Week 4
January 2015, Week 3
January 2015, Week 2
January 2015, Week 1
December 2014, Week 5
December 2014, Week 4
December 2014, Week 3
December 2014, Week 2
December 2014, Week 1
November 2014, Week 5
November 2014, Week 4
November 2014, Week 3
November 2014, Week 2
November 2014, Week 1
October 2014, Week 5
October 2014, Week 4
October 2014, Week 3
October 2014, Week 2
October 2014, Week 1
September 2014, Week 5
September 2014, Week 4
September 2014, Week 3
September 2014, Week 2
September 2014, Week 1
August 2014, Week 5
August 2014, Week 4
August 2014, Week 3
August 2014, Week 2
August 2014, Week 1
July 2014, Week 5
July 2014, Week 4
July 2014, Week 3
July 2014, Week 2
July 2014, Week 1
June 2014, Week 5
June 2014, Week 4
June 2014, Week 3
June 2014, Week 2
June 2014, Week 1
May 2014, Week 5
May 2014, Week 4
May 2014, Week 3
May 2014, Week 2
May 2014, Week 1
April 2014, Week 5
April 2014, Week 4
April 2014, Week 3
April 2014, Week 2
April 2014, Week 1
March 2014, Week 5
March 2014, Week 4
March 2014, Week 3
March 2014, Week 2
March 2014, Week 1
February 2014, Week 4
February 2014, Week 3
February 2014, Week 2
February 2014, Week 1
January 2014, Week 5
January 2014, Week 4
January 2014, Week 3
January 2014, Week 2
January 2014, Week 1
December 2013, Week 5
December 2013, Week 4
December 2013, Week 3
December 2013, Week 2
December 2013, Week 1
November 2013, Week 5
November 2013, Week 4
November 2013, Week 3
November 2013, Week 2
November 2013, Week 1
October 2013, Week 5
October 2013, Week 4
October 2013, Week 3
October 2013, Week 2
October 2013, Week 1
September 2013, Week 5
September 2013, Week 4
September 2013, Week 3
September 2013, Week 2
September 2013, Week 1
August 2013, Week 5
August 2013, Week 4
August 2013, Week 3
August 2013, Week 2
August 2013, Week 1
July 2013, Week 5
July 2013, Week 4
July 2013, Week 3
July 2013, Week 2
July 2013, Week 1
June 2013, Week 5
June 2013, Week 4
June 2013, Week 3
June 2013, Week 2
June 2013, Week 1
May 2013, Week 5
May 2013, Week 4
May 2013, Week 3
May 2013, Week 2
May 2013, Week 1
April 2013, Week 5
April 2013, Week 4
April 2013, Week 3
April 2013, Week 2
April 2013, Week 1
March 2013, Week 5
March 2013, Week 4
March 2013, Week 3
March 2013, Week 2
March 2013, Week 1
February 2013, Week 4
February 2013, Week 3
February 2013, Week 2
February 2013, Week 1
January 2013, Week 5
January 2013, Week 4
January 2013, Week 3
January 2013, Week 2
January 2013, Week 1
December 2012, Week 5
December 2012, Week 4
December 2012, Week 3
December 2012, Week 2
December 2012, Week 1
November 2012, Week 5
November 2012, Week 4
November 2012, Week 3
November 2012, Week 2
November 2012, Week 1
October 2012, Week 5
October 2012, Week 4
October 2012, Week 3
October 2012, Week 2
October 2012, Week 1
September 2012, Week 5
September 2012, Week 4
September 2012, Week 3
September 2012, Week 2
September 2012, Week 1
August 2012, Week 5
August 2012, Week 4
August 2012, Week 3
August 2012, Week 2
August 2012, Week 1
July 2012, Week 5
July 2012, Week 4
July 2012, Week 3
July 2012, Week 2
July 2012, Week 1
June 2012, Week 5
June 2012, Week 4
June 2012, Week 3
June 2012, Week 2
June 2012, Week 1
May 2012, Week 5
May 2012, Week 4
May 2012, Week 3
May 2012, Week 2
May 2012, Week 1
April 2012, Week 5
April 2012, Week 4
April 2012, Week 3
April 2012, Week 2
April 2012, Week 1
March 2012, Week 5
March 2012, Week 4
March 2012, Week 3
March 2012, Week 2
March 2012, Week 1
February 2012, Week 5
February 2012, Week 4
February 2012, Week 3
February 2012, Week 2
February 2012, Week 1
January 2012, Week 5
January 2012, Week 4
January 2012, Week 3
January 2012, Week 2
January 2012, Week 1
December 2011, Week 5
December 2011, Week 4
December 2011, Week 3
December 2011, Week 2
December 2011, Week 1
November 2011, Week 5
November 2011, Week 4
November 2011, Week 3
November 2011, Week 2
November 2011, Week 1
October 2011, Week 5
October 2011, Week 4
October 2011, Week 3
October 2011, Week 2
October 2011, Week 1
September 2011, Week 5
September 2011, Week 4
September 2011, Week 3
September 2011, Week 2
September 2011, Week 1
August 2011, Week 5
August 2011, Week 4
August 2011, Week 3
August 2011, Week 2
August 2011, Week 1
July 2011, Week 5
July 2011, Week 4
July 2011, Week 3
July 2011, Week 2
July 2011, Week 1
June 2011, Week 5
June 2011, Week 4
June 2011, Week 3
June 2011, Week 2
June 2011, Week 1
May 2011, Week 5
May 2011, Week 4
May 2011, Week 3
May 2011, Week 2
May 2011, Week 1
April 2011, Week 5
April 2011, Week 4
April 2011, Week 3
April 2011, Week 2
April 2011, Week 1
March 2011, Week 5
March 2011, Week 4
March 2011, Week 3
March 2011, Week 2
March 2011, Week 1
February 2011, Week 4
February 2011, Week 3
February 2011, Week 2
February 2011, Week 1
January 2011, Week 5
January 2011, Week 4
January 2011, Week 3
January 2011, Week 2
January 2011, Week 1
December 2010, Week 5
December 2010, Week 4
December 2010, Week 3
December 2010, Week 2
December 2010, Week 1
November 2010, Week 5
November 2010, Week 4
November 2010, Week 3
November 2010, Week 2
November 2010, Week 1
October 2010, Week 5
October 2010, Week 4
October 2010, Week 3
October 2010, Week 2
October 2010, Week 1
September 2010, Week 5
September 2010, Week 4
September 2010, Week 3
September 2010, Week 2
September 2010, Week 1
August 2010, Week 5
August 2010, Week 4
August 2010, Week 3
August 2010, Week 2
August 2010, Week 1
July 2010, Week 5
July 2010, Week 4
July 2010, Week 3
July 2010, Week 2
July 2010, Week 1
June 2010, Week 5
June 2010, Week 4
June 2010, Week 3
June 2010, Week 2
June 2010, Week 1
May 2010, Week 5
May 2010, Week 4
May 2010, Week 3
May 2010, Week 2
May 2010, Week 1
April 2010, Week 5
April 2010, Week 4
April 2010, Week 3
April 2010, Week 2
April 2010, Week 1
March 2010, Week 5
March 2010, Week 4
March 2010, Week 3
March 2010, Week 2
March 2010, Week 1
February 2010, Week 4
February 2010, Week 3
February 2010, Week 2
February 2010, Week 1
January 2010, Week 5
January 2010, Week 4
January 2010, Week 3
January 2010, Week 2
January 2010, Week 1
December 2009, Week 5
December 2009, Week 4
December 2009, Week 3
December 2009, Week 2
December 2009, Week 1
November 2009, Week 5
November 2009, Week 4
November 2009, Week 3
November 2009, Week 2
November 2009, Week 1
October 2009, Week 5
October 2009, Week 4
October 2009, Week 3
October 2009, Week 2
October 2009, Week 1
September 2009, Week 5
September 2009, Week 4
September 2009, Week 3
September 2009, Week 2
September 2009, Week 1
August 2009, Week 5
August 2009, Week 4
August 2009, Week 3
August 2009, Week 2
August 2009, Week 1
July 2009, Week 5
July 2009, Week 4
July 2009, Week 3
July 2009, Week 2
July 2009, Week 1
June 2009, Week 5
June 2009, Week 4
June 2009, Week 3
June 2009, Week 2
June 2009, Week 1
May 2009, Week 5
May 2009, Week 4
May 2009, Week 3
May 2009, Week 2
May 2009, Week 1
April 2009, Week 5
April 2009, Week 4
April 2009, Week 3
April 2009, Week 2
April 2009, Week 1
March 2009, Week 5
March 2009, Week 4
March 2009, Week 3
March 2009, Week 2
March 2009, Week 1
February 2009, Week 4
February 2009, Week 3
February 2009, Week 2
February 2009, Week 1
January 2009, Week 5
January 2009, Week 4
January 2009, Week 3
January 2009, Week 2
January 2009, Week 1
December 2008, Week 5
December 2008, Week 4
December 2008, Week 3
December 2008, Week 2
December 2008, Week 1
November 2008, Week 5
November 2008, Week 4
November 2008, Week 3
November 2008, Week 2
November 2008, Week 1
October 2008, Week 5
October 2008, Week 4
October 2008, Week 3
October 2008, Week 2
October 2008, Week 1
September 2008, Week 5
September 2008, Week 4
September 2008, Week 3
September 2008, Week 2
September 2008, Week 1
August 2008, Week 5
August 2008, Week 4
August 2008, Week 3
August 2008, Week 2
August 2008, Week 1
July 2008, Week 5
July 2008, Week 4
July 2008, Week 3
July 2008, Week 2
July 2008, Week 1
June 2008, Week 5
June 2008, Week 4
June 2008, Week 3
June 2008, Week 2
June 2008, Week 1
May 2008, Week 5
May 2008, Week 4
May 2008, Week 3
May 2008, Week 2
May 2008, Week 1
April 2008, Week 5
April 2008, Week 4
April 2008, Week 3
April 2008, Week 2
April 2008, Week 1
March 2008, Week 5
March 2008, Week 4
March 2008, Week 3
March 2008, Week 2
March 2008, Week 1
February 2008, Week 5
February 2008, Week 4
February 2008, Week 3
February 2008, Week 2
February 2008, Week 1
January 2008, Week 5
January 2008, Week 4
January 2008, Week 3
January 2008, Week 2
January 2008, Week 1
December 2007, Week 5
December 2007, Week 4
December 2007, Week 3
December 2007, Week 2
December 2007, Week 1
November 2007, Week 5
November 2007, Week 4
November 2007, Week 3
November 2007, Week 2
November 2007, Week 1
October 2007, Week 5
October 2007, Week 4
October 2007, Week 3
October 2007, Week 2
October 2007, Week 1
September 2007, Week 5
September 2007, Week 4
September 2007, Week 3
September 2007, Week 2
September 2007, Week 1
August 2007, Week 5
August 2007, Week 4
August 2007, Week 3
August 2007, Week 2
August 2007, Week 1
July 2007, Week 5
July 2007, Week 4
July 2007, Week 3
July 2007, Week 2
July 2007, Week 1
June 2007, Week 5
June 2007, Week 4
June 2007, Week 3
June 2007, Week 2
June 2007, Week 1
May 2007, Week 5
May 2007, Week 4
May 2007, Week 3
May 2007, Week 2
May 2007, Week 1
April 2007, Week 5
April 2007, Week 4
April 2007, Week 3
April 2007, Week 2
April 2007, Week 1
March 2007, Week 5
March 2007, Week 4
March 2007, Week 3
March 2007, Week 2
March 2007, Week 1
February 2007, Week 4
February 2007, Week 3
February 2007, Week 2
February 2007, Week 1
January 2007, Week 5
January 2007, Week 4
January 2007, Week 3
January 2007, Week 2
January 2007, Week 1
December 2006, Week 5
December 2006, Week 4
December 2006, Week 3
December 2006, Week 2
December 2006, Week 1
November 2006, Week 5
November 2006, Week 4
November 2006, Week 3
November 2006, Week 2
November 2006, Week 1
October 2006, Week 5
October 2006, Week 4
October 2006, Week 3
October 2006, Week 2
October 2006, Week 1
September 2006, Week 5
September 2006, Week 4
September 2006, Week 3
September 2006, Week 2
September 2006, Week 1
August 2006, Week 5
August 2006, Week 4
August 2006, Week 3
August 2006, Week 2
August 2006, Week 1
July 2006, Week 5
July 2006, Week 4
July 2006, Week 3
July 2006, Week 2
July 2006, Week 1
June 2006, Week 5
June 2006, Week 4
June 2006, Week 3
June 2006, Week 2
June 2006, Week 1
May 2006, Week 5
May 2006, Week 4
May 2006, Week 3
May 2006, Week 2
May 2006, Week 1
April 2006, Week 5
April 2006, Week 4
April 2006, Week 3
April 2006, Week 2
April 2006, Week 1
March 2006, Week 5
March 2006, Week 4
March 2006, Week 3
March 2006, Week 2
March 2006, Week 1
February 2006, Week 4
February 2006, Week 3
February 2006, Week 2
February 2006, Week 1
January 2006, Week 5
January 2006, Week 4
January 2006, Week 3
January 2006, Week 2
January 2006, Week 1
December 2005, Week 5
December 2005, Week 4
December 2005, Week 3
December 2005, Week 2
December 2005, Week 1
November 2005, Week 5
November 2005, Week 4
November 2005, Week 3
November 2005, Week 2
November 2005, Week 1
October 2005, Week 5
October 2005, Week 4
October 2005, Week 3
October 2005, Week 2
October 2005, Week 1
September 2005, Week 5
September 2005, Week 4
September 2005, Week 3
September 2005, Week 2
September 2005, Week 1
August 2005, Week 5
August 2005, Week 4
August 2005, Week 3
August 2005, Week 2
August 2005, Week 1
July 2005, Week 5
July 2005, Week 4
July 2005, Week 3
July 2005, Week 2
July 2005, Week 1
June 2005, Week 5
June 2005, Week 4
June 2005, Week 3
June 2005, Week 2
June 2005, Week 1
May 2005, Week 5
May 2005, Week 4
May 2005, Week 3
May 2005, Week 2
May 2005, Week 1
April 2005, Week 5
April 2005, Week 4
April 2005, Week 3
April 2005, Week 2
April 2005, Week 1
March 2005, Week 5
March 2005, Week 4
March 2005, Week 3
March 2005, Week 2
March 2005, Week 1
February 2005, Week 4
February 2005, Week 3
February 2005, Week 2
February 2005, Week 1
January 2005, Week 5
January 2005, Week 4
January 2005, Week 3
January 2005, Week 2
January 2005, Week 1
December 2004, Week 5
December 2004, Week 4
December 2004, Week 3
December 2004, Week 2
December 2004, Week 1
November 2004, Week 5
November 2004, Week 4
November 2004, Week 3
November 2004, Week 2
November 2004, Week 1
October 2004, Week 5
October 2004, Week 4
October 2004, Week 3
October 2004, Week 2
October 2004, Week 1
September 2004, Week 5
September 2004, Week 4
September 2004, Week 3
September 2004, Week 2
September 2004, Week 1
August 2004, Week 5
August 2004, Week 4
August 2004, Week 3
August 2004, Week 2
August 2004, Week 1
July 2004, Week 5
July 2004, Week 4
July 2004, Week 3
July 2004, Week 2
July 2004, Week 1
June 2004, Week 5
June 2004, Week 4
June 2004, Week 3
June 2004, Week 2
June 2004, Week 1
May 2004, Week 5
May 2004, Week 4
May 2004, Week 3
May 2004, Week 2
May 2004, Week 1
April 2004, Week 5
April 2004, Week 4
April 2004, Week 3
April 2004, Week 2
April 2004, Week 1
March 2004, Week 5
March 2004, Week 4
March 2004, Week 3
March 2004, Week 2
March 2004, Week 1
February 2004, Week 5
February 2004, Week 4
February 2004, Week 3
February 2004, Week 2
February 2004, Week 1
January 2004, Week 5
January 2004, Week 4
January 2004, Week 3
January 2004, Week 2
January 2004, Week 1
December 2003, Week 5
December 2003, Week 4
December 2003, Week 3
December 2003, Week 2
December 2003, Week 1
November 2003, Week 5
November 2003, Week 4
November 2003, Week 3
November 2003, Week 2
November 2003, Week 1
October 2003, Week 5
October 2003, Week 4
October 2003, Week 3
October 2003, Week 2
October 2003, Week 1
September 2003, Week 5
September 2003, Week 4
September 2003, Week 3
September 2003, Week 2
September 2003, Week 1
August 2003, Week 5
August 2003, Week 4
August 2003, Week 3
August 2003, Week 2
August 2003, Week 1
July 2003, Week 5
July 2003, Week 4
July 2003, Week 3
July 2003, Week 2
July 2003, Week 1
June 2003, Week 5
June 2003, Week 4
June 2003, Week 3
June 2003, Week 2
June 2003, Week 1
May 2003, Week 5
May 2003, Week 4
May 2003, Week 3
May 2003, Week 2
May 2003, Week 1
April 2003, Week 5
April 2003, Week 4
April 2003, Week 3
April 2003, Week 2
April 2003, Week 1
March 2003, Week 5
March 2003, Week 4
March 2003, Week 3
March 2003, Week 2
March 2003, Week 1
February 2003, Week 4
February 2003, Week 3
February 2003, Week 2
February 2003, Week 1
January 2003, Week 5
January 2003, Week 4
January 2003, Week 3
January 2003, Week 2
January 2003, Week 1
December 2002, Week 5
December 2002, Week 4
December 2002, Week 3
December 2002, Week 2
December 2002, Week 1
November 2002, Week 5
November 2002, Week 4
November 2002, Week 3
November 2002, Week 2
November 2002, Week 1
October 2002, Week 5
October 2002, Week 4
October 2002, Week 3
October 2002, Week 2
October 2002, Week 1
September 2002, Week 5
September 2002, Week 4
September 2002, Week 3
September 2002, Week 2
September 2002, Week 1
August 2002, Week 5
August 2002, Week 4
August 2002, Week 3
August 2002, Week 2
August 2002, Week 1
July 2002, Week 5
July 2002, Week 4
July 2002, Week 3
July 2002, Week 2
July 2002, Week 1
June 2002, Week 5
June 2002, Week 4
June 2002, Week 3
June 2002, Week 2
June 2002, Week 1
May 2002, Week 5
May 2002, Week 4
May 2002, Week 3
May 2002, Week 2
May 2002, Week 1
April 2002, Week 5
April 2002, Week 4
April 2002, Week 3
April 2002, Week 2
April 2002, Week 1
March 2002, Week 5
March 2002, Week 4
March 2002, Week 3
March 2002, Week 2
March 2002, Week 1
February 2002, Week 4
February 2002, Week 3
February 2002, Week 2
February 2002, Week 1
January 2002, Week 5
January 2002, Week 4
January 2002, Week 3
January 2002, Week 2
January 2002, Week 1
December 2001, Week 5
December 2001, Week 4
December 2001, Week 3
December 2001, Week 2
December 2001, Week 1
November 2001, Week 5
November 2001, Week 4
November 2001, Week 3
November 2001, Week 2
November 2001, Week 1
October 2001, Week 5
October 2001, Week 4
October 2001, Week 3
October 2001, Week 2
October 2001, Week 1
September 2001, Week 5
September 2001, Week 4
September 2001, Week 3
September 2001, Week 2
September 2001, Week 1
August 2001, Week 5
August 2001, Week 4
August 2001, Week 3
August 2001, Week 2
August 2001, Week 1
July 2001, Week 5
July 2001, Week 4
July 2001, Week 3
July 2001, Week 2
July 2001, Week 1
June 2001, Week 5
June 2001, Week 4
June 2001, Week 3
June 2001, Week 2
June 2001, Week 1
May 2001, Week 5
May 2001, Week 4
May 2001, Week 3
May 2001, Week 2
May 2001, Week 1
April 2001, Week 5
April 2001, Week 4
April 2001, Week 3
April 2001, Week 2
April 2001, Week 1
March 2001, Week 5
March 2001, Week 4
March 2001, Week 3
March 2001, Week 2
March 2001, Week 1
February 2001, Week 4
February 2001, Week 3
February 2001, Week 2
February 2001, Week 1
January 2001, Week 5
January 2001, Week 4
January 2001, Week 3
January 2001, Week 2
January 2001, Week 1
December 2000, Week 5
December 2000, Week 4
December 2000, Week 3
December 2000, Week 2
December 2000, Week 1
November 2000, Week 5
November 2000, Week 4
November 2000, Week 3
November 2000, Week 2
November 2000, Week 1
October 2000, Week 5
October 2000, Week 4
October 2000, Week 3
October 2000, Week 2
October 2000, Week 1
September 2000, Week 5
September 2000, Week 4
September 2000, Week 3
September 2000, Week 2
September 2000, Week 1
August 2000, Week 5
August 2000, Week 4
August 2000, Week 3
August 2000, Week 2
August 2000, Week 1
July 2000, Week 5
July 2000, Week 4
July 2000, Week 3
July 2000, Week 2
July 2000, Week 1
June 2000, Week 5
June 2000, Week 4
June 2000, Week 3
June 2000, Week 2
June 2000, Week 1
May 2000, Week 5
May 2000, Week 4
May 2000, Week 3
May 2000, Week 2
May 2000, Week 1
April 2000, Week 5
April 2000, Week 4
April 2000, Week 3
April 2000, Week 2
April 2000, Week 1
March 2000, Week 5
March 2000, Week 4
March 2000, Week 3
March 2000, Week 2
March 2000, Week 1
February 2000, Week 5
February 2000, Week 4
February 2000, Week 3
February 2000, Week 2
February 2000, Week 1
January 2000, Week 5
January 2000, Week 4
January 2000, Week 3
January 2000, Week 2
January 2000, Week 1
December 1999, Week 5
December 1999, Week 4
December 1999, Week 3
December 1999, Week 2
December 1999, Week 1
November 1999, Week 5
November 1999, Week 4
November 1999, Week 3
November 1999, Week 2
November 1999, Week 1
October 1999, Week 5
October 1999, Week 4
October 1999, Week 3
October 1999, Week 2
October 1999, Week 1
September 1999, Week 5
September 1999, Week 4
September 1999, Week 3
September 1999, Week 2
September 1999, Week 1
August 1999, Week 5
August 1999, Week 4
August 1999, Week 3
August 1999, Week 2
August 1999, Week 1
July 1999, Week 5
July 1999, Week 4
July 1999, Week 3
July 1999, Week 2
July 1999, Week 1
June 1999, Week 5
June 1999, Week 4
June 1999, Week 3
June 1999, Week 2
June 1999, Week 1
May 1999, Week 5
May 1999, Week 4
May 1999, Week 3
May 1999, Week 2
May 1999, Week 1
April 1999, Week 5
April 1999, Week 4
April 1999, Week 3
April 1999, Week 2
April 1999, Week 1
March 1999, Week 5
March 1999, Week 4
March 1999, Week 3
March 1999, Week 2
March 1999, Week 1
February 1999, Week 5
February 1999, Week 4
February 1999, Week 3
February 1999, Week 2
February 1999, Week 1
January 1999, Week 5
January 1999, Week 4
January 1999, Week 3
January 1999, Week 2
January 1999, Week 1
December 1998, Week 5
December 1998, Week 4
December 1998, Week 3
December 1998, Week 2
December 1998, Week 1
November 1998, Week 5
November 1998, Week 4
November 1998, Week 3
November 1998, Week 2
November 1998, Week 1
October 1998, Week 5
October 1998, Week 4
October 1998, Week 3
October 1998, Week 2
October 1998, Week 1
September 1998, Week 5
September 1998, Week 4
September 1998, Week 3

ATOM RSS1 RSS2



LISTSERV.BROWN.EDU

CataList Email List Search Powered by the LISTSERV Email List Manager